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How to select industrial cable for food processing plants

Food processing plants operate in uniquely challenging environments—where high moisture, extreme temperatures, frequent washdowns, and strict hygiene standards converge. In such settings, the industrial cables that power machinery, convey data, and control processes are not mere components; they are the lifelines of operational efficiency and safety. Selecting the right cables here is therefore not just a matter of functionality but a critical decision that impacts productivity, compliance, and long-term cost management.

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1. Understand the Environmental Challenges

The first step in selecting industrial cables for food processing plants is to conduct a thorough assessment of the specific environmental conditions they will face.

Moisture is omnipresent, from daily washdowns using high-pressure hoses to condensation in cold storage areas. Cables must be resistant to water ingress to prevent short circuits and corrosion of internal conductors.

Temperature fluctuations are another key factor. Baking zones may reach temperatures exceeding 150°C, while freezing chambers can plummet to -30°C or lower. Cables must maintain their structural and electrical integrity across this wide range.

Chemical exposure is inevitable, as cleaning protocols involve harsh sanitizers, acids, and alkalis. These substances can degrade inferior cable materials, leading to insulation breakdown and contamination risks.

Mechanical stress is also common, with cables often routed through tight spaces, around moving machinery, or subjected to abrasion from equipment or foot traffic.

2. Prioritize Material Selection

Material selection stands as the cornerstone of industrial cable performance in food processing environments.

The insulation and jacketing materials must first resist the harsh chemicals prevalent in daily operations—such as sanitizers, acids, and alkalis used in washdown protocols. Materials like chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) excel here, offering robust chemical resistance without degrading over time. For applications involving extreme temperatures—whether near ovens, freezers, or steam sterilizers—fluoropolymer-based cables (e.g., PTFE) provide exceptional thermal stability, maintaining integrity across a wide range from -60°C to 200°C.

Hygiene is paramount, so materials should have a smooth, non-porous surface that prevents bacterial growth and facilitates easy cleaning. Avoid cables with crevices or rough textures where food particles or moisture can accumulate. Food-grade materials like FDA-approved polyurethane (PU) are ideal as they meet strict regulatory standards for contact with food products.

3. Consider Flexibility and Durability

Food processing machinery often requires cables to bend, twist, or move repeatedly—think of robotic arms in packaging lines or conveyors with adjustable heights. Cables with high flexibility can withstand millions of flex cycles without fatigue or conductor breakage. Options with stranded conductors (as opposed to solid ones) offer superior flexibility, making them suitable for dynamic applications.

Durability is equally important. Cables must resist abrasion from contact with metal surfaces, equipment, or even forklifts. Reinforced jackets, such as those made with thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), provide added toughness against physical wear and tear. Additionally, cables should be resistant to oil and grease, which are common in meat and dairy processing, to avoid swelling or degradation.

4. Ensure Compliance with Industry Standards

Food processing is one of the most heavily regulated industries, and cables must adhere to strict standards to ensure safety and hygiene.

The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) sets guidelines for materials that come into contact with food, so look for cables marked with FDA-approved components.

The European Union’s EC 10/2011 regulation is another key standard, particularly for plants exporting to EU markets.

In terms of electrical safety, cables should comply with IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) or UL (Underwriters Laboratories) standards to prevent electrical hazards like short circuits or fires. For example, UL 1581 certification ensures cables meet flammability and electrical performance requirements, while IEC 60245 specifies standards for flexible cables.

5. Shielding for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

Food processing plants are filled with electrical equipment—motors, pumps, and control systems—that generate electromagnetic interference (EMI). This interference can disrupt data transmission in cables used for sensors or automation systems, leading to equipment malfunctions or inaccurate readings.

To mitigate EMI, select cables with appropriate shielding. Braided shields (made of copper or aluminum) offer excellent protection against high-frequency interference, while foil shields are effective for low-frequency signals. For critical applications like PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) connections, double shielding (braid + foil) provides maximum protection, ensuring reliable data flow even in noisy electrical environments.

6. Size and Ampacity

Choosing the correct cable size is crucial for preventing overheating and ensuring efficient power transmission. The ampacity (current-carrying capacity) of a cable must match the electrical load of the equipment it powers. Undersized cables can overheat, leading to insulation damage and fire risks, while oversized cables are unnecessary and increase costs.

Factors like ambient temperature and installation method (e.g., in conduit or open air) affect ampacity. For example, cables in hot environments (near ovens) have lower ampacity and may require a larger gauge to compensate. Refer to electrical codes and manufacturer specifications to determine the right size for your specific application.

7. Installation and Maintenance Considerations

Even the best cables will underperform if installed incorrectly. Cables should be routed to avoid contact with sharp edges, high-temperature surfaces, or areas with excessive vibration. Use cable glands and connectors that are IP67 or IP68 rated to ensure water and dust tightness, especially in washdown zones.

Easy maintenance is another factor. Cables with clear labeling (e.g., material type, voltage rating) simplify identification during inspections or replacements. Additionally, consider cables with color-coded jackets to distinguish between power, data, and control lines, reducing the risk of errors during installation or repairs.

8. Case Studies: Real-World Applications

In a dairy processing plant, where frequent washdowns with caustic cleaners are routine, a cable with a smooth EPDM jacket and stainless steel conductors proved far more durable than a standard PVC cable. The PVC cable degraded within six months, leading to costly downtime, while the EPDM cable lasted over three years with minimal maintenance.

In a bakery, a cable with PTFE insulation was used near ovens, withstanding continuous temperatures of 120°C without losing flexibility. This replaced a previous cable that became brittle and cracked, causing intermittent power failures in the conveyor system.

Choose FRS for Reliable Industrial Cables

When it comes to selecting industrial cables for food processing plants, FRS brand stands out as a trusted partner. FRS cables are engineered to meet the unique demands of food processing environments, with materials that are FDA-approved, chemical-resistant, and designed for extreme temperatures.

Whether you need flexible cables for robotic systems, shielded cables for EMI protection, or durable cables for high-washdown areas, FRS offers a comprehensive range of solutions. Each cable undergoes rigorous testing to ensure compliance with global standards, giving you peace of mind that your operations will run smoothly, safely, and efficiently.

Invest in FRS industrial cables and experience the difference that quality and reliability can make in your food processing plant.

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